EPD for Sto AirSeal® Sto AirSeal® is a vapor permeable fluid-applied membrane for use over prepared vertical above-grade con-crete, concrete masonry, brick ma-sonry, wood sheathing, cementitious sheathing, and glass mat gypsum sheathing, as part of a StoGuard® air and waterresistive barrier system. It is used in Sto proprietary wall sys-tems and beneath multiple cladding types, including rainscreen claddings.
2 PCR Identification PCR for Water-Resitive and Air Barriers on the basis of ISO 21930: 2017, ASTM 2017. Valid through Sept, 2022 PCR Review was conducted by Thomas P. Gloria, Industrial Ecology Consultants. Graham Finch, RDH Building Science, Inc Paul H. Shipp, USG Corporation Product Category Water-Resistive and Air Barrier Manufacturer’s name Sto Corp. 3800 Camp Creek Parkway SW, Building 1400, Suite 120 Atlanta, GA 30331 www.stocorp.com | (800) 221-2397 EPD program operator Epsten Group, a Salas O’Brien Company 101 Marietta St NW Suite 2600 Atlanta, GA 30303 www.epstengroup.com Declaration Number 01-018 Date of Certification October 9th, 2024 Period of Validity 5 years from date of certification Declared Unit One square meter of covered and protected substrate Overall Data Quality Assessment Score Good Site(s) in which the results of the LCA are representative STO manufacturing sites in Atlanta, GA; Glendale, AZ; and Rutland, VT Information on where explanatory material can be obtained See references at the end of this document. LCA Software and Version Number LCA for Experts (formerly GaBi) 10.7 LCI Database and Version Number MLC (formerly GaBi) Database Version 2023.2 This declaration was independently verified in accordance with ISO 21930:2017, ISO 14025: 2006 and the reference PCR: PCR for Architectural Coatings: NAICS 325510 Internal External Megan Blizzard Megan.Blizzard@salasobrien.com This life cycle assessment was conducted in accordance with ISO21930:2017, ISO 14044 and the reference PCR by: WAP Sustainability Consulting, LLC This life cycle assessment was independently verified in ac-cordance with ISO 21930:2017, ISO 14044 and the reference PCR by: Angela Fisher, Aspire Sustainability angela@aspiresustainability.com Comparability In order to support comparative assertions, this EPD meets all comparability requirements stated in ISO 14025:2006. However, differences in certain assumptions, data quality, and variability between LCA data sets may still exist. As such, caution should be exercised when evaluating EPDs from different manufacturers, as the EPD results may not be entirely compa-rable. Any EPD comparison must be carried out at the building level per ISO 21930 guidelines. The results of this EPD reflect an average performance by the product and its actual impacts may vary on a case-to-case basis.
3 Company We believe in ‘Building with conscience’. That means ensuring that all building products are not only safe, effective and easy to install, but also environmentally re-sponsible and sustainable. We know you’re always looking for the smartest and newest technology to create energy efficient buildings with superior aesthetics. That’s exactly what our products help you achieve. Products like our wall systems, coatings and finishes are consistent fa-vorites among design professionals, contractors and property owners alike. Whatever your needs or vision may be, we offer products for every type of building project; whether it’s new construction, restoration or panelization, commercial or resi-dential work. An architect or specifier focuses on aesthetics and feasibility, a contractor needs products that are easy to work with, and a building owner requires high value and low costs on proper-ties. Sto understands these unique needs, and delivers the smart, innovative materials and solutions that make this all possible. That’s why Sto remains the innovative leader in inte-grated exterior wall systems. When you combine that commitment to product support and innovation with value-added offerings like consultative design and color services through Sto Studio or training in proper ap-plication techniques through the Sto Institute, you get an inte-grated exterior wall system solution unmatched in the indus-try. Manufacturing Sites Covered in this EPD Atlanta, GA Plant Glendale, AZ Plant Rutland, VT Plant Product Identification Sto AirSeal® is a fluid-applied vapor permeable air barrier offered in 5-gallon pails. There are no finish or color base options provided. Table 1: List of Sto AirSeal® Products Product Name Product Number Base Type Finish Type Sto AirSeal® 81646 n/a n/a Product Average Results in this EPD are declared as an arithmetic average across all manufacturing sites. Product Description Sto AirSeal® is a vapor permeable fluid-applied membrane for use over prepared vertical above-grade concrete, concrete masonry, brick masonry, wood sheathing, cementitious sheathing, and glass mat gypsum sheathing, as part of a StoGuard® air and waterresis-tive barrier system. It is used in Sto proprietary wall systems and beneath multiple cladding types, including rainscreen claddings. Performance Features Three Installation Options High Elongation Cold Temperature Crack Bridging Spray Applied with Airless Spray Equipment Vapor Permeable UV Durable Structural and Durable Water-base and Low VOC Technical Details
4 Performance* Test Method Result Unit Air Permeance ASTM E2718 <0.02 L/m2*s @ 75 Pa Water Vapor Permeance ASTM E96 >12 perms at 40 mils DFT Water Penetration ASTM E2570/AATCC 127 (modified) No water penetration for 5 hour water column (55 cm) Because this product can serve several functions and is an individual component intended for use in Sto’s wall systems, not all technical properties specified by the PCR for individual components apply. The technical properties and product performance crite-ria depend on the combination of products in the wall system. As such, the following table declares the product performance when used in Sto wall systems. Table 2: Technical Data for Product as a Component of Sto Wall Systems Meets Requirements of ASTM Classification Evaluation Criteria: Evaluation Report Reference 2021 IBC,IRC and IECC ASTM E2570 / ASTM E2568 ICC AC 212 ESR 1233 / ESR 1748 / ESR 2323 / ESR 2536 / ESR 4500 / Sto/CWP 30-01 and Sto/CWP 30-02 / Inter-tek CCRR-0454 / CAN ULC-S716-1-12 Material Composition The material compositions of Sto AirSeal® are listed below: Table 3: Material composition for Sto AirSeal® Sto AirSeal® Water 29% Acrylic Polymer 20% Mineral Fillers* 13% Aluminum Trihydrate 13% Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer 10% Additive** 9% Silica 4% Surfactant 1% Colorant 1% Wax 1% Caustic Soda <1% Polyurethane <1% *Mineral Fillers include limestone, silicate, etc. **Additives include light stabilizer, plasticier, biocide, etc. The product does not contain hazardous substances per per the EPA’s Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. Components related to Life Cycle Assessment The declared unit for the LCA study was covering and protecting 1 square meter (m2) of substrate. The reference flow required for the declared unit is calculated based on the product coverage at 40 wet mils. The reference flow required for one declared unit is provided in Table 3. Table 4: Reference flow for one declared unit Product Declared Unit Reference Flow [kg] Sto AirSeal® 1 1.20
5 Scope and Boundaries of the Life Cycle Assessment The LCA was performed in accordance with ISO 14040 standards. The study is a cradle-to-gate LCA and includes the following life stages as prescribed in the PCR. X = Module Included in LCA Report, ND = Module not Declared Figure 1: Life stages for the cradle-to-gate LCA Cut-off Criteria Material inputs greater than 1% (based on total mass of the final product) were included within the scope of analysis. Material inputs less than 1% were included if sufficient data was available to warrant inclusion and/or the material input was thought to have sig-nificant environmental impact. Cumulative excluded material inputs and environmental impacts are less than 5% based on total weight of the declared unit. Data Quality The overall data quality level was determined to be good. Primary data was collected from Sto’s facilities in Atlanta, GA, Glendale, AZ and Rutland, VT for the 2021 reference year. When primary data did not exist, secondary data were obtained from the MLC Database Service. Overall, both primary and secondary data are considered good quality in terms of geographic, temporal and tech-nological coverage. Estimates and Assumption Assumptions were made to represent the cradle-to-grave environmental performance of Sto’s products. These assumptions were made in accordance with the PCR and include the transportation distances, the disposal of packaging material and the product at its end of life and use phase assumptions. Allocation General principles of allocation were based on ISO 14040/44. Where possible, allocation was avoided. When allocation was neces-sary it was done on a physical mass basis. Product Stage (A1-A3) Sto AirSeal® is produced at Sto’s Atlanta, GA, Glendale, AZ and Rutland, VT facilities. This stage includes an aggregation of raw material extraction, supplier processing, delivery, manufacturing and packaging by Sto. Sto AirSeal® is supplied in 5-gallon pails.
6 Life Cycle Assessment Results As prescribed by the PCR, TRACI 2.1 impact characterization methodology and IPCC 5th assessment report are adopted to calculate the environment impacts. Table 4 provides the acronym key of the impact indicators declared in this EPD. Table 5: LCIA impact category and LCI Indicator keys Abbreviation Parameter Unit IPCC AR5 GWP Global warming potential (100 years, includes biogenic CO2) kg CO2 eq TRACI 2.1 AP Acidification potential of soil and water kg SO2 eq EP Eutrophication potential kg N eq ODP Depletion of stratospheric ozone layer kg CFC 11 eq SFP Smog formation potential kg O3 eq CML 2001-Jan 2016 ADPF Abiotic depletion potential for fossil resources MJ, net calorific value Carbon Emissions and Uptake BCRP Biogenic Carbon Removal from Product [kg CO2] BCEP Biogenic Carbon Emission from Product [kg CO2] BCRK Biogenic Carbon Removal from Packaging [kg CO2] BCEK Biogenic Carbon Emission from Packaging [kg CO2] BCEW Biogenic Carbon Emission from Combustion of Waste from Renewable Sources Used in Production Processes [kg CO2] CCE Calcination Carbon Emissions [kg CO2] CCR Carbonation Carbon Removals [kg CO2] CWNR Carbon Emissions from Combustion of Waste from Non- Renewable Sources used in Production Processes [kg CO2] Resource Use Parameters RPRE Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw mate-rials MJ, net calorific value (LHV) RPRM Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials MJ, net calorific value NRPRE Use of non-renewable primary energy excluding non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials MJ, net calorific value NRPRM Use of non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials MJ, net calorific value SM Use of secondary materials kg RSF Use of renewable secondary fuels MJ, net calorific value NRSF Use of non-renewable secondary fuels MJ, net calorific value RE Recovered energy MJ, net calorific value FW Net use of fresh water m3 Waste Parameters HWD Disposed-of-hazardous waste kg NHWD Disposed-of non-hazardous waste kg HLRW High-level radioactive waste, conditioned, to final repository kg ILLRW Intermediate- and low-level radioactive waste, conditioned, to final repository kg CRU Components for reuse kg MR Materials for recycling kg MER Materials for energy recovery kg EEE Exported electrical energy MJ EET Exported thermal energy MJ
7 Sto AirSeal® The LCIA results presented below are for 1 m2 of Sto AirSeal®. Impact Category A1 A2 A3 Total IPCC AR5 GWP [kg CO2 eq] 1.70E+00 1.01E-01 2.27E-01 2.02E+00 TRACI LCIA Impacts (North America) AP [kg SO2 eq] 3.34E-03 4.59E-04 3.69E-04 4.17E-03 EP [kg N eq] 2.79E-04 4.07E-05 3.76E-05 3.57E-04 ODP [kg CFC 11 eq] 3.45E-11 2.59E-16 9.66E-15 3.45E-11 SFP [kg O3 eq] 5.30E-02 1.06E-02 7.80E-03 7.14E-02 CML 2001-Jan 2016 ADPF [MJ] 4.00E+01 1.40E+00 5.74E+00 4.71E+01 Carbon Emissions and Uptake BCRP [kg CO2] 0 0 0 0 BCEP [kg CO2] 0 0 0 0 BCRK [kg CO2] 0 0 0 0 BCEK [kg CO2] 0 0 0 0 BCEW [kg CO2] 0 0 0 0 CCE [kg CO2] 0 0 0 0 CCR [kg CO2] 0 0 0 0 CWNR [kg CO2] 0 0 0 0
8 The LCI results presented below are for 1 m2 of Sto AirSeal®. Impact Category A1 A2 A3 Total Resource Use Indicators RPRE [MJ] 2.91E+00 5.63E-02 3.52E-01 3.32E+00 RPRM [MJ] 0 0 0 0 NRPRE [MJ] 2.39E+01 1.41E+00 6.14E+00 3.14E+01 NRPRM [MJ] 9.66E+00 0 0 9.66E+00 SM [kg] 0 0 0 0 RSF [MJ] 0 0 0 0 NRSF [MJ] 0 0 0 0 RE [MJ] 0 0 0 0 FW [m3] 1.35E-02 1.93E-04 3.15E-03 1.69E-02 Output Flows and Waste Categories HWD [kg] 1.48E-09 4.06E-12 2.89E-03 2.89E-03 NHWD [kg] 5.94E-02 1.23E-04 3.57E-02 9.52E-02 HLRW [kg] 1.34E-06 4.81E-09 1.71E-07 1.52E-06 ILLRW [kg] 1.12E-03 4.05E-06 1.43E-04 1.27E-03 CRU [kg] 0 0 0 0 MR [kg] 0 0 0 0 MER [kg] 0 0 0 0 EE [MJ] 0 0 0 0
9 Interpretation For the product in study, the largest contributor of the environmental impacts is the raw material sourcing stage, indicating efforts in reducing manufacturing scrap and improving material efficiency will help improve all the evaluated environmental impacts. Reference • Life Cycle Assessment, LCA report for Sto Corp. WAP Sustainability, July 2024 • ASTM International. (2017). PCR for Water-Resistive and Air Barriers. Retrieved from ASTM.org: https://pcr-epd.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/368.PCR_for_Water-Resistive_Air_Barrier_PCR_final.pdf • BTY Group. (2001). Life-cycle Cost Study of Stucco and EIFS Exterior Wall Systems. • CML - Department of Industrial Ecology. (2016, September 05). CML-IA Characterisation Factors. Retrieved from https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/research/research-output/science/cml-ia-characterisation-factors • Frauenhofer IBP. (2015). Assessing The Long-Term Performance of Applied External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICs). • IPCC. (2013). Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press. • ISO. (2006). ISO 14025: Environmental labels and declarations - Type III environmental declarations - Principles and procedures. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization. • ISO. (2006). ISO 14040/Amd 1:2020: Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization. • ISO. (2006). ISO 14044/Amd 1:2017/Amd 2:2020: Environmental Management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and Guidelines. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization. • ISO. (2017). ISO 21930: Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works - Core rules for environmental product declara-tions of construction products and services. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization. • Sto SE & Co. KGaA and Sto Scandinavia AB. (2020). ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION: StoVentec R. Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V. (IBU). • US EPA. (2012). TRACI: The Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts. Version 2.1 - User Guide. Retrieved from https://nepis.epa.gov/Adobe/PDF/P100HN53.pdf • US EPA. (2020). Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2018 Fact Sheet. • US EPA. (2020). Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2018 Fact Sheet. Retrieved from epa.gov: https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2021-01/documents/2018_ff_fact_sheet_dec_2020_fnl_508.pdf • US EPA. (2023). Documentation for Greenhouse Gas Emission and Energy Factors Used in the Waste Reduction Model (WARM) Background Chapters. U.S. Environmental Protectoin Agency
